Saturday, September 25, 2010

Difference Between Commercial Bank and Micro Finance Institution(MFIs)

I was reading The Indian Banker in the article "The Fourth Milestone" by the author" Mr R.K.Mukherjee",he has explained the major differences between the two with the help of a table which i would like to share with all of my friends .

Area

Commercial bank

Micro finance Institution

Focus

Profitability , Market Share , All segment of customer

A sustainable credit system for economically disadvantaged people.

Customer Acquisition

Banks mostly enroll customer through branches.

MFIs have stage-wise strategy-village meetings, formal groups, training of member of groups on financial management and then providing credit-line.

Products

Banks have a basket of retail product that cover savings, credit remittance etc. Credit from banks for BPL-like families is predominantly of INR 25,000 and above; other features are varied rate of interest and varied repayment period.

MFIs specialize in credit .The product is predominantly a graduated credit line with recovery by 50 week EMI.MFI credit is predominantly an average of INR 15,000 minimum of INR 3,000 to maximum of INR 50,000 (housing loan up to INR 1.25 lacs.)

Procedures

Banks have universally identical procedures as well as for internal management. The procedures are primarily multi-tired , record-oriented and resultantly , lengthy at times.

MFIs have a universally identical procedure for their customer for internal management. Features of the procedure are that these are short and simple for customer and for internal recording but are elaborate on verbal processes with customer

Customer Service Mode

Customer access branches.

MFIs access customer at the location of their inhabitation.

Source of Funds

Combination of owned and Borrowed Capital

MFIs operated on Borrowed fund

Cost of Capital

Average cost of Capital for Bank is 8 percent

Average cost of capital for MFIs is 14 %

Location of Operation

Banks have a formula to determine viability of a branch. This determines the availability of the bank in geographical location.

MFIs operate with families that do not have steady and small credit lines from banks. They do not operate on the basis of geographical location.

Cost of Operation

Banks have mechanism that cross subsidies operating cost of several sets of services and products.Branch viability and business per staff is the strategy area of focus. Cost-income ratio of Banks is about 42 %.

MFIs incur high costs on manpower. Business per staff cannot grow beyond a point because the quality of customer contact is the key to the high repayment rate in micro-credit.MFI operations on customer servicing mechanisms are reflected in cost-income ratio of MFIs that is around 62%

Risk Management

Banks have advanced risk management systems that are imposed as well as self deserved .The risk management system are based in data.

MFIs have completely different approach to risk management. This is through continuous contacts with the customer and by period re-training of customer and off-field staff. Performance incentives to customer and to field staff are another set of tools for risk management.

Mutual Interest

Banks are interested in MFIs because such credit lines enable banks to achieve the ‘priority sector’ obligation.

Ownership of MFIs lies with the development professionals and social investor who invest with social objectives.

Ownership

Banks in India ‘owned’ by government ( as shareholder and policy maker) , regulator and private investor.

Ownership of MFIs lies with the development professionals and social investors who invest in social objectives.

Nature of Institution

Financial Institution

Service Institution

Financial Goal

Profit maximization

Surplus to sustain


3 comments:

  1. Good, after all the misdeeds finally u kud turn up for sum valuable output. cheers.............liked it

    ReplyDelete
  2. Thnx a lot
    and these post will continue in future too

    ReplyDelete
  3. Hey Friends how are you I am share with you some business grow up tips hope you like it. The main deterrent to starting a small business for most people is money. Even if they have a nest egg set aside and can afford the start up costs, they know that their new business isn't going to bring in any appreciable amount of money for a while and don't know how they're going to pay their bills in the meantime.Getting a small business loan is an option for some, but small business loans are often earmarked for specific uses. (The Canada Small Business Financing Program is one such program that offers small business loans with restrictions on what can be done with the money.)While you may be able to get a small business loan for purchasing property or equipment for your new business, getting a small business loan to cover your living expenses may well be impossible. (See 10 Things You Need to Know About Small Business Funding for more about business start up funding.) Starting your new business part-time solves this problem neatly. You're still able to pay your bills and can afford to bankroll your new business because you've got money coming in.
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